Principles of Growth and Development
Principles of Growth and Development are used interchangeably and taken as synonyms terms. After conception in the womb of a mother change occurs. change is the law of nature. A fertilized egg develops as a fetus. The cycle of charge brought about by the process of growth and development takes place in various dimensions physical, mental, social and so on. Both the terms, growth and Development can be used for any change brought about in maturation and learning.
Principles of Growth and Development are listed below;
- Principles of Continuity
- Principle of Integration
- Principle of Lack of Uniformity in the Development Rate
- Principle of Individual Difference
- Principle of Uniformity Pattern
- Principle of Proceeding from General to Specific
- Principle of Interaction Between Heredity and Environment
- Principle of Interrelation
- Principle of Cephalocaudal
- Prinicple of Proximodistal
- Principle of predictability
- Principle of spiral versus linear advancement
- Principle of Association of Maturation and Learning
Table of Contents
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| Principles of Growth and Development |
1) Principles of Continuity
The growth and development follow the principle of continuity which means that the growth and development is a continuous process that starts with pre-natal and ends with death.
2) Principle of Integration
The principle of integration is another essential principle of growth and development and it involves a movement from the whole to parts and from parts to the whole this way it is the integration of the real and its functions as well as the specific and general responses. It enables a child to develop satisfactorily concerning various aspects or dimensions of his personality.
3) Principle of Lack of Uniformity in the Development Rate
Development through a continuous process does not exhibit steadiness and uniformity in terms of the rate and development in various development of personality and behaviours or the developmental periods and stages of life.
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4) Principle of Individual Difference
Every organism has a distinct creation in itself. One of the most important principles of development is that it involves individual differences. There is no fixed rate of development. That all children will learn to walk is universal, but the time at which each child takes his/her first step may vary.
5) Principle of Uniformity Pattern
The growth and development do not proceed at a constant rate and show marked individual differences concerning the process and outcome of various stages of development and it follows a definite pattern in one or the other dimensions which is uniform and universal concerning the individual of a species.
6) Principle of Proceeding from General to Specific
Although developing any aspect of personality and behaviour, the child first sees or picks up or exhibits a general response and learns how to show specific and goal-directed responses afterwards.
7) Principle of Interaction Between Heredity and Environment
The development of a child is a process that cannot be defined wholly based on either the heredity or environment. Both have to play an important role in the growth and development. There are arguments in favour of both heredity and the environment. However, most psychologists agree that an interplay of these two factors leads to development.
8) Principle of Interrelation
The various aspects and dimensions of anyone's principles of growth and development are interrelated to each other. What is achieved and not achieved in one or other dimensions in the course of the gradual and continuous process of growth and development surely affects the development of the other dimensions.
A healthy body tends to develop a healthy mind and an emotionally stable, physically strong and socially conscious personality. Inadequate physical or mental development may on the other hand result in a socially or emotionally maladjusted personality.
9) Principle of Cephalocaudal
The growth and development always proceed in the direction of the longitudinal axis. For example, the development from head to foot or toe. That is why, before it becomes able to stand, the child first gains control over his head and arms and then on his legs.
10) Prinicple of Proximodistal
The growth and development of motor skills start at the central body parts to outwards. That is why, in the beginning, the child is seen to exercise control over the large fundamental muscles of the arm and then hand and only afterwards over the smaller muscles of the fingers.
11) Principle of predictability
The growth and development are predictable, which means that with the help of the uniformity of pattern and sequence of development. We can to a great extent, forecast the general nature and behaviour of a child in one or more aspects or dimensions at any particular stage of its growth and development of body. We can know the particular age at which children will learn to walk, speak and so on.
12) Principle of spiral versus linear advancement
The child does not proceed straight or linear on the journey of growth and development at any stage never takes place at a constant or steady pace. After the child has developed to a certain level, there is likely to be a period of rest for consolidation of the development progress achieved till then. In advancing further, therefore, the development turns back and then moves forward again in a spiral pattern.
13) Principle of Association of Maturation and Learning
The biological growth and development of children are known as maturation. Whereas, biological changes involve changes in the brain and the nervous system, which provide new abilities to a child. Development proceeds from simple to complex. In the beginning, a child learns through concrete objects and gradually moves to abstract thinking. This transition happens because of maturation.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the 7 principles of growth and development?
Principles of Growth and Development are listed below; 1) Principles of Continuity 2) Principle of Integration 3) Principle of Lack of Uniformity in the Development Rate 4) Principle of Individual Difference 5) Principle of Uniformity Pattern 6) Principle of Proceeding from General to Specific 7) Principle of Interaction Between Heredity and Environment 8) Principle of Interrelation 9) Principle of Cephalocaudal 10) Principle of Proximodistal 11) Principle of predictability 12) Principle of spiral versus linear advancement 13) Principle of Association of Maturation and Learning
What is the concept and principle of growth and development?
In the context of childhood development, growth is defined as an irreversible constant increase in size, and development is defined as growth in psychomotor capacity. Both processes are highly dependent on genetic, nutritional, and environmental factors.
What are the four principles of growth in human development?
What are the four principles of growth in human development? There are several principles in developmental psychology that explain human growth and development. A few examples of these principles include the principles of continuity, integration, lack of uniformity, and interrelation. The principle of continuity states that growth and development are continuous.
What are the characteristics of growth and development?
Growth is defined as an increase in physical parameters over time. Changes in height, weight, body proportions, and general physical appearance are all part of it. The term "development" refers to the overall qualitative changes in the organism.
Conclusion
Principles of Growth and Development are used interchangeably and taken as synonyms terms. After conception in the womb of a mother change occurs. change is the law of nature. A fertilized egg develops as a fetus. The cycle of charge brought about by the process of growth and development takes place in various dimensions physical, mental, social and so on. Both the terms, growth and Development can be used for any change brought about in maturation and learning.